Mutual Work

MUTUAL WORB^, EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT The New Handbook It is an implement for effective action. No enterprise can succeed well without tak- ing advantage of up-to-date devices. Rel- atively little more than floundering progress without clear aims and good means of reaching them. The Hand Book is an indispensable means of M. I. A. advancement. Every stake board, every ward pres- idency, and every committee should make the obtaining and the using of the Hand Book an immediate problem. Years of experience has proved that in stakes and wards where the Hand Book has been rec ognized as a helpful guide, the M. I. A. work has been well to the front. There are three attitudes any one of which may be taken toward this or any other special preparation for onwardness: First: The attitude of indifference, and where officers assume this attitude the members are deprived of what is due them and the officers unconsciously become a hindrance to the organization. Second: The attitude of acceptance. In this attitude officers speak well of and advocate the use of the Hand Book and then leave it to make its way to success or failure. Third: The attitude of appreciation. This attitude gives the new device an of- ficial examination, and a fair trial in the fields for which it was prepared. The Hand Book under this attitude will be ap- preciated as a source of reference at officers' meetings and a guide for leaders in the M. I. A. activities. It is expected the Hand Book will be judiciously supplemented by alert officers and efficient teachers, but it is not expected that it will be substituted without the ap- proval of the General Boards. Genealogical Work In answer to numerous questions con- cerning the course in genealogy which is given by the Genealogical Society of Utah as one of the courses in the Adult Depart- ment of the M. I. A., the general officers of M. I. A. and the Genealogical Society of Utah submit the following information: While the course in genealogy may be given in practically all of the associations, it is urged that at least one of the other three courses be given also. While for the course taken in genealogy the same score may be given in the efficiency report as for the work in any other course, it is felt that the Adult Department will not be accomplishing its full purpose unless classes other than genealogy be conducted. The teachers of the genealogical class, selected by the Genealogical Committee with the approval of the bishopric, are to meet with the officers and teachers as a part of the M. I. A. Outlines of the course in genealogy are now ready for distribution, and may be obtained from the Genealogical Society of Utah, 47 E. So. Temple Street. Paper copies cost 50c each and cloth copies 75c, with a 10% discount if twelve copies or more are ordered. Suggestions for Conjoint Program Sunday Evening, November 4, 19 28 General Theme: "The Freedom of the 1. Singing: "Know this that every soul Franchise.' free."

MUTUAL WORK 1061 2. Invocation: Y. M. M. I. A. 3. Duet: "Hail to the Brightness of Zion's glad morning" — Y. M. and Y. L. M. I. A. 4. Reading or Memory Rendition — Young Lady — of the following: "The Law — It has honored us: let us honor it." — Daniel Webster, famous American lawyer, statesman and orator. "Where the law ends, there tyranny begins." — William Pitt, eminent English statesman, staunch friend of the American colonies, whose cause he championed in Parliament, saying, "If I were an Amer- ican, as I am an Englishman, while a foreign troop remained upon my land, I would never give up my arms, — Never! Never! Never!" The Lord said to Joseph Smith, the prophet, "Let no man break the laws of the land; for he that keepeth the laws of God hath no need to break the laws of the land." For home reading: Section 134, Doctrine and Covenants. 5. Presentation of the Slogan by Y. M. M. I. A. 6. Sentiment: "More ballots, less bul- lets."— Young man, 5 minutes. 7. Sentiment: "Our Church vote a pledge of loyalty." — Young lady, 5 minutes. 8. Address: "Franchise and Freedom" — a. In the Church. b. In the State. — best speaker available. 9. Singing: "For the strength of the hills we bless thee." 10. Benediction — A Patriarch or High Priest if present. A Worthy Example The recently organized San Francisco stake is showing commendable activity along lines of Priesthood and M. I. A. work. In the last few weeks the officers of that stake have sent in 115 Era sub- scriptions, fully 5% of their population, and thereby becoming the first in the Church to have reached that quota. The correspondence indicates that assisting corps of workers were largely responsible in obtaining these results. J. Mark Clark is superintendent and Theo. G. Fuegg secretary. They set an example which all stakes can profitably follow. ADULT DEPARTMENT The Romance of An Old Play House By Dr. Adam S. Bennion A strange sanctity attaches to all his- tory— a record of what once was and is not. Realitv stalks there and Romance makes holiday — a certain tinge of mel- lowed sadness colors the borders of the pages. If these things are true of history gen- erally, they are even more strikingly char- acteristic of the Chronicle of the life his- tory of a theatre. This institution, favored abode of the muses, is the altar of human emotions. Love, laughter, and sorrow all crowd through its portals — every nook and cranny is crowded full of memories. The theatre is the actor's chapel in which men's souls may be "carried up" to higher levels. And among theatres, what more historic one could be fancied than our own Theatre of the Mountains — for years a dramatic

1062 IMPROVEMENT ERA oasis on the long, dreary stretches from the Mississippi to the Pacific. Fortunate, indeed, are we and our for- bears to have had it — fortunate are we and our children to have its story so won- derfully preserved as we are privileged to have it in this richly unique book, The Romance of an Old Play House, from the illuminating and kindly pen of George D. Pyper. We, his friends, have known of his rare gift as a lyric tenor, of his keen sense of justice tempered by mercy as a police judge; of his grace and judgment as the manager of a theatre; and of his genius as a leader and friend of children. We have loved and appreciated him for all of these — we now salute him as author. He has given to the world one of the finest volumes ever to come out of Utah. He has builded for the Salt Lake Theatre and for himself a monument such as his friends would have loved to build and could not. Notable books aren't just written — they are soul generated; they are typed per- sonality. The Romance of an Old Play House makes live again the men and women who made it famous. One reads the book to feel with Paderewski as he gave one of his concerts in the Taber- nacle; "I feel like the pioneers of this coun- try are round about me tonight, that the builders of this mighty structure are here." What a theme runs through the book! In a strange sort of way the very heart of "Mormonism" is to be found in the Salt Lake Theatre. Think of the dramatic power of the Prophet — his life — drama from the beginning to end — a drama draw- ing the spotlight of heaven yet having its climax in the darkness of Carthage. Or follow the trek of the covered wa- gon; then live in fancy the dramatic struggle to build an empire from a wilder- ness. Little wonder the drama found a wel- come in the great amphitheatre of the Rockies. What a boon the old Play House must have been! Builded in 1862, eight years before the completion of the Union Pacific rail- road into Salt Lake — it became, in the language of Henry Miller, "A Cathedral in a Desert." And here is the story — with all of its backgrounds, its local color, its struggles, its triumphs — all crowded into richly con- crete pages — a story that grips — strong as fiction — more dynamic because it is real. In it the reader lives again the life of '47. Then came the 50's with their early beginnings in social entertainment. The Bowery-Social Hall — Camp Floyd Theatre, Bowring's Theatre. Finally the Theatre itself. You fairly fancy your- self at the opening performance. Then a glimpse of the men and women who have made Utah's histrionic chronicle. The local stock companies, the early traveling troupes, and finally the famous actors and actresses who represent American art at its best. You feel as if you have been in the company of the great when you lay the book down. And what richness of detail in the background. Early stage practices — quaint advertisements — tickets and their strange purchases — eccentricities of actors, famous and otherwise — social gossip — stage-hand comedy — business hazards — transportation difficulties — all these interwoven in the fabric of a dramatic achievement little short of the marvelous. All these make the volume a book which you really are loathe to put down. And the author! I met him first under the spell of his singing — a gift which for more than a quarter of a century carried him into the hearts of people. He has largely given over singing now — but the song has just overflowed into the soul of the man. It all comes back through the pages of his book. His kindliness is there — his gentility — his sense of values with a consequent proportion — his clarity, with a lucidity of style that makes reading a pleasure — his loyalty to his friends — and withal his great love for his Church, and the men who constitute its leadership. Thirty years ago, in answer to a ques- tion put by President Heber J. Grant, George D. Pyper had said, "I would rather

MUTUAL WORK 1063 be manager of the Salt Lake Theatre than anything else on earth." For thirty years he has fairly lived in that theatre. He has responded to its every mood. Little won- der that in speaking of it he quotes Ruskin: "The glory of building is not in its stones, nor in its gold. Its glory is in its age and in that deep sense of voiceful- ness, of stern watching, of mysterious sympathy, nay, even of approval or con- demnation which we feel in the walls that have long been washed by the passing waves of Humanity." For thirty years, George D., you have been splashing those walls with the man- agerial sweep of your kindly hand. And now as you walk back from the tide to- ward the shore of memory we are grate- ful that you give us your story — that in part we can come to appreciate what you so notably have achieved. As a source book it is invaluable in its store of dramatic fact; as a companion- able book it is one of those friendly vol- umes which it is a joy to have about. A host of friends will welcome a volume that leaves a twinkle in the eye, a lump in the throat, a heightened beat of the heart, and a fuller sense of the really worth- while things in life. Ten Outstanding Magazine Articles Selected by a Council of Librarians August. 1928 "The Irritating Efficacy of English Crim- inal Justice," George W. Alger in At- lantic Monthly. The difference between the English and the American laws are more impressive to Mr. Alger than the similarities. He dis- cusses some of the differences in connection with the criminal law and its enforce- ment. "Is Socialism Dead?" Will Durant in Century. A discussion in which the disillusioned radical is displayed and the hint dropped that Socialism might come, not through men suffering from poverty but from men empowered by wealth and enlightened by education. "Strange Things Are Happening." Fred- erick P. Keppel in Century. In which the President of the Carnegie Foundation views the significant trends in education and hazards a challenging "guess" as to the future — when the centre of educational interest will be the education of the adult. "Is Western Civilization in Peril?" Charles A Beard in Harper's Magazine. A distinguished historian recognizes frankly the dangers which confront our present civilization, but comes to the con- clusion that, based on machinery, its foun- dations are too firm for it to perish. "The New Radicalism," Raymond Gram Swing in Harper's Magazine. The author discusses the radical trend which has taken place since the War in European thought and legislation and ex- plains why a program which contrasts with the conservative policy of America is necessary. "When is Business Worth While?" Henry Ford in collaboration with Samuel Crowther in Magazine of Business. An exceedingly penetrating discussion of marketing and competition that challenges some of the deepest-rooted traditions of business, by that great industrialist, Henry Ford, written in collaboration with Samuel Crowther. "Has Aviation a Future — A Debate." Captain Dewar vs. Commander Byrd in Forum. Will airlines of the future become rivals of the railroads or is the aeroplane destined to be only an emergency carrier? A fa-

1064 IMPROVEMENT ERA mous aviator answers a conservative though air-minded Briton. "Poisson Bleu," James C. Gilbert in Field and Stream. This story of the author's 3500 mile journey to catch the famous Arctic gray- ling, presents a vivid description of the heart of Alaska, a country of superlative beauty and grandeur, strange customs and interesting life. "God Rest You Merry Gentlemen," Stru- thers Burt in Scribner's. The motion pictures are facing a crisis, declares this author, who defends "boob audiences" and accuses producers of stupi- dity as well as cynicism and hypocrisy, holding them responsible for censorship. "Feedpipes for Skyscrapers," Ernest K. Lindley in Review of Reviews. New York City is tunneling under itself t o build a vast new subway sys- tem. Built without interrupting street traffic, the new system is to relieve con- gestion in present subways. But new sky- scrapers are rising to congest it in turn. The Citizenship Projects It is to be hoped that every Adult group in the Church will plan to devote one Tuesday each month to a consideration of the Citizenship Project, detail outlines of which can be found on page 224 of the new Hand Book. We recommend that the wards concen- trate for the immediate present on Project A (Law Observance), leaving Project B (Voting) until after the Christmas holi- days. The logical first step in the Law Ob- servance project is a precise determination of the actual nature and extent of law- breaking in your community. Specifically, this involves the collection and tabulation of such statistics as are available in the office of the sheriff (and chief of police), the public prosecutor and the courts (city, county, district, juvenile, etc.) Figures should be secured wherever possible to show : 1. The actual number and disposition of: a. Violations reported to the police. b. Cases prosecuted by the police and prosecutor. c. Cases dealt with by the courts. 2. Kinds of offenses committed. 3. Age, sex, domicile, nationality, etc., of the offenders. 4. Increase (or decrease) in delinquency and crime from month to month or from year to year. It will readily be appreciated that ac- curate data such as the above are funda- mental to a consideration of such questions as the following: 1. How much crime and delinquency is there in our community? 2. What age-groups, sex, nationality, class, etc., contribute most to law-breaking in this community? 3. What types of delinquency are on the increase? What, specifically, is the ex- tent of auto-stealing, bootlegging, burg- lary, etc? And how effective is the treatment following conviction? 4. What proportion of offenders reported to the police are (a) prosecuted, (b) tried, (c) found guilty, (d) serve a sentence, etc.? In securing the statistics here referred to, it will be well for wards to cooperate with one another wherever possible. At the next Union Meeting, for example, ar- rangements might be made for two repre- sentatives from each ward Adult Depart- ment to serve on a committee charged with the task of contacting the appropriate of- ficials and securing the necessary data for later discussion and analysis. In the larger towns it will be desirable for several stakes to work together.

MUTUAL WORK COMMUNITY ACTIVITY DEPARTMENT This Season's Work The work of the Community Activity Committee for the present year has in it much which should interest the members and stimulate them toward successful ac- complishment. The outline for this de- partment is delightfully varied -and yet specific enough to make possible thorough study of every phase of leisure-time ac- tivities assigned them. During the season there will be a part of the Mutual Work section of the Era and Journal devoted to this department. Sug- gestions along lines of drama, dancing, motion pictures, home recreation, reading course, project, slogan and twelve recre- ational events will be offered, and every- thing possible will be done to assist mem- bers of this new M. I. A. committee to get a clear understanding of their duties and methods of carrying out their assign- ments. The first step to be taken is in the study of the field of leisure-time activity of community groups. The new M. I. A Hand Book is in reality a textbook pre- senting material to assist in the study of every field. While every member of the Community Activity Committee will not be expert in every line, still all may be informed in a general way regarding th. various fields assigned them. Drama is discussed comprehensively in the Executive Department, page 61; Com- munity Activity Department, pages 151 165; Dramatic Urge, pages 403-433 Within these pages is ample material for study of this field and should provide an excellent basis upon which to build th: dramatic program for a ward. Dancing, Motion Pictures and Home Re creation are taken up comprehensively, and should be studied thoroughly. Begin the work of the season by famil iarizing yourselves with your own pari of the new Hand Book. Principles of Parliamentary Law Lesson for October 9 (Suggestive text: Parliamentary Law, by Paul, The Century Co., N. Y.) Wherever a group of people assemble together to carry on business there is need of rules and regulations to enable the as- sembly to proceed in an orderly fashion in the process of accomplishing the work to be performed. Yet no rules can operate successfully without an organization. Hoiv to organize. After the people of an assembly have gathered together at the appointed hour, if there is no one in authority, one of the members should rise to his feet and say, "The meeting will come to order. I move that Mr. B act as chairman of this meeting." If his motion is seconded, it should be put to a vote, and if passed Mr. B should take the chair. If his motion is lost, he should call for other nominations for a temporary chairman. If several nominations are made, the vote is put on the first one nominated and if that one is not elected, on the next one, until a temporary chair- man is elected. The newly elected temporary chairman

1066 IMPROVEMENT ERA should proceed at once to have a tempor- ary secretary elected to keep minutes of the meeting. This is done by calling for nominations and voting on nominees. Upon being elected the temporary secre- tary should take his place near the tempor- ary chairman, prepared to take minutes of the meeting. The temporary organization is now complete, and the assembly can proceed to business. If other temporary officers are deemed necessary they can be elected in the same manner as the secretary. The chair first announces or causes to be announced the purpose of the meeting, and takes up whatever business is neces- sary at the time. As soon as possible, however, he should proceed to perfect a permanent organization. To do this, a constitution and some by-laws must first be drawn up. This is done by having the assembly elect a committee of three or five members to draw up a constitution and by-laws and to report at a later meet- ing. (See M. I. A. Hand Book, page 259, for the general form of a constitution.) A constitution should contain the fol- lowing provisions: 1. The name of the organization. 2. The purpose of the organization — preamble. (See the constitution of the United States for a good preamble.) 3. The qualifications for membership. 4. The names of offices in the organ- ization and the number holding each of- fice. (The M Men ward officers should be a president, vice-president and secre- tary-treasurer.) 5. The name of and numbers on each permanent committee in the organization. (M Men committees are (a) athletic, (b) social, (c) literary-musical, (d) member- ship, (e) slogan-project.) 6. Time of regular meetings. 7. Provisions for amendment. By-laws should contain provisions as follows: 1. The duties of officers. 2. Responsibilities of permanent com- mittees. 3. Mode of nominating and electing officers. 4. Methods of admitting new members. 5. Mode of filling vacancies. 6. Time and place of meetings. 7. Provisions for amending the by- laws. The commitee appointed to draw up a constitution should write out a proposed constitution and by-laws and at the ap- pointed time be ready to report. At that time the chair should call for the report of the committee. The chairman of the committee should arise and read the report, hand it to the temporary chairman, and before taking his seat, should move that the report be adopted. When seconded, the temporary chairman of the meeting should then direct the secretary to read the constitution, article by article, begin- ning with the first. After the secretary has read each article, the chair should ask, "Are there any amendments?" If an amendment is proposed it should be acted on at once. If none is proposed the next article should be read, etc. After each article has been read and amended, then the preamble should be read and treated in the same manner as the articles. After this is done, the chair asks, 'Are there any more amendments to any part of the con- stitution?" If there are, they should be heard and acted on. If none, he should call for a vote on the adoption of the constitution as follows: "All in favor of adopting the constitution as read and amended say 'aye.' All opposed, 'no.' " "The 'ayes' have it and the constitution is adopted." The by-laws should be treated in exactly the same manner as the constitution. At the completion of the adoption of the by-laws and constitution the per- manent officers of the organization should be elected in accordance with the rules in the by-laws, and the standing (permanent) committees should be named. When this is done, the regular business of the organ- ization can go forward.

MUTUAL WORK 1067 Lessons for October 16 and October 23 Parliamentary law, as it is generally understood, is a group of laws governing the procedure of democratic assemblies where the members have the right to par- ticipate in the business before the house. A chairman or president always pre- sides at a meeting. Before a member speaks he should rise to his feet and address the "chair." ("chair" is the name adopted for the presiding officer) as follows: "Mr. Chairman." If it is in order for him to speak, the chair should call him by name and give him permission to talk. If more than one person addresses the chair at the same time, the chair designates which shall have the 'floor. No one should make a motion or speak to a motion without per- mission from the chair. Recognition from the chair need not be obtained, however, when a motion is seconded. Business in an assembly is brought be- fore the house through motions, which are nothing more nor less than statements of the proposition to be considered by the assembly. If. for example, some member of an M Men class would like the group to go on a hike, he would arise to his feet and say "Mr. Chairman," (or "Mr. President") "I move that the M Men of this'ward go on a hike to next Saturday morning." If there is some- one else present who would also like to take a hike, he would say "I second the motion." All main motions, such as this one, require a second. In other words, at least two people in the group must want something before the group will be called on to discuss it. Every member has the right to make a motion. After a motion has been made and sec- onded, the chair should say: "It has been moved and seconded that the M Men of this ward go on a hike to next Saturday morning. Are you ready for the question!"' When he says that, the body may either talk on the motion or call for a vote on it. By saying "Are you ready for the question?" the chair gives all pres- ent a right to discuss it. Anyone, after obtaining permission from the chair, may talk for or against it. No person should be allowed to talk twice on the question until everyone has had an opportunity to talk once. When it has been discussed enough anyone can "call for the question," which means that he calls for a vote on it. The vote is obtained by the chair's saying "All in favor of the motion say 'aye.' Those opposed, 'no.' " Any main motion may be amended. For example, if some other M Men wanted to go on the hike but wanted to go on Mon- day instead of Saturday, he would rise to his feet and obtain permission from the chair and say: "I move that the motion be amended to read that we go on a hike on Monday instead of Saturday." If sec- onded, then it becomes the matter of busi- ness and must be disposed of before the motion itself. An amendment may be made at any time before the question is put to the house for a vote. This should be remembered: A motion or an- amendment to a motion may be amended any number of times, but only one amendment to the main motion and one amendment to the amendment can be pending at the same time. The amend- ments to the amendment must be disposed of first, then the amendments to the mo- tion, then the motion itself. A main or principal motion is the basis for the discussion at any assembly. The main motion may be voted on at once or the following motions relating to it may be made: 1. Motion to amend it. 2. Motion to amend the amendment. 3. Motion to postpone its consideration in- definitely. 4. Motion to refer to a com- mittee. 5. Motion to postpone considera- tion to a definite time. 6. Motion to lay on the table. All of these motions are debatable ex- cept the motion to lay on the table. These motions are listed in the order of their value. For example, the main motion (No. 1) is more valuable than the motion to refer to the committee (No. 5), there- fore No. 5 must be disposed of before No 1, No. 6 before No. 2. etc. It

1068 IMPROVEMENT ERA would be well to memorize these motions in their order of preference. The motions here named are called subsidiary motions. There is another group of motions called incidental motions. These relate only incidentally to the main motion. They are as follows, and are listed in the order of value, No. 1 being the most valuable of these motions and therefore disposed of last. 1. A motion to suspend the rules. (For any purpose.) 2. A motion to withdraw a motion. (Made only by the one who made the motion which is to be withdrawn.) 3. A motion to divide a motion. (When the main motion involves two ideas it may be divided and each discussed separately.) 4. A motion to read a paper or docu- ment. (Usually a resolution or a report of a committee.) 5. An objection to the consideration of a question or motion. 6. An appeal by a member from a decision of the chair. (If the chair makes a ruling against a member, which that member considers unjust, he (the mem- ber) may appeal to the body against the chair's decision.) 7. Rise to a point of order. (Where something is done in violation of the con- stitution, or a rule of the assembly, any member may demand a correction by ris- ing to a point of order. He does this by stating, "Mr. Chairman, I rise to a point of order." Then he states his matter. The third class of motions are called privileged motions. They relate to rights of individuals in an assembly. They are, in order of value: 1. A call for the order of the day. (This is made when the rules call for a certain procedure and the chair departs from that procedure. Any member has a right to demand that the procedure be fol- lowed, unless the body votes him down.) 2. To rise to a question of privilege. (If a room is too hot, for example, a member may rise to a question of privilege and have windows opened, etc.) 3. Motion to take a recess. 4. Motion to adjourn. 5. Motion to adjourn to a definite time and place. Below is a list of all motions arranged in their order of preference. No. 1 is least valuable and is disposed of first. No. 20 is the most valuable and is disposed of last. Privileged Motions ** 1. Motion to adjourn to a definite time and place. ** 2. Motion to adjourn. ** 3. Motion to take a recess. * 4. Call for question of privilege. ** 5. Call for the orders of the day. Incidental Motions ** 6. Rise to points of order. * 7. An appeal to the house from de- cision of chair. *** 8. An objection. ** 9. Motion to read paper. **10. Motion to divide a motion. **11. Motion to withdraw a motion. ***12. Motion to suspend rules. Subsidiary Motions **13. Motion to lay on the table. ***14. Call for the previous question. *15. Motion to postpone to a definite time. *16. Motion to refer to a committee. *17. Motion to postpone indefinitely. *18. Motion to amend the amendment. *19. Motion to amend the main mo- tion. *20. The main motion. The motions marked: * Are debatable. ** Are undebatable. (They must be voted on as soon as made.) *** Are undebatable and require a two- thirds vote to pass. In order properly to conduct a meeting, all M Men should become acquainted with the motions listed above, learn which are debatable and which not debatable, and memorize their order of value.

MUTUAL WORK 1069 Etiquette (For November) "Virtue is not in itself enough without politeness." — Confucius. Gentility wins its way wherever it is found. The best society is not a fellowship of the wealthy nor does it seek to ex- clude those who are not of exalted birth, but it is an association of gentle folk, of which good form in speech, charm of manner, knowledge of the social amenities, and proper consideration for the feelings of others, are the credentials by which the whole world recognizes its chosen mem- bers. To be truly cultured and well- mannered one must be found the same on all occasions and with all people. The person who is cross, crabbed, moody and sullen at home with his family, and puts on his smiles and fine behavior just for company and friends is not really cul- tured. There is a certain surface display of manners which may be acquired, and others which are real. Manners may be imitated, but manner is personality. What one is, is of far greater importance than what one appears to be. Ease and charm of manner are not bought with money but with practice. Conversation. Effective conversation includes the gift of listening interestedly to what others say. How can one improve one's conversation? By reading and becoming well informed on the topics of the day; by having a good knowledge of standard literature; by studying the correct use of words and good grammar; and by associating with people who use good English. Avoid slang. Avoid talking about your- self, your accomplishments, etc. Cultivate a well modulated voice. The culture of the voice is one of the most important ele- ments in making conversation pleasant. Avoid interruption and until you have had much experience and have become well in- formed on various subjects, it is well to listen more than to speak. Avoid gossip. Unless you are sure of your ground, avoid contradictions and arguments. Motoring. The first duty of motorists is to learn the rules of the road and abide by them. No one enjoys riding with a driver who is liable to accident or arrest for speeding, crowding, making the wrong turn, cross- ing from the wrong side, or disregarding signals. In fact there is just as much need of courtesy and etiquette on the road as in other places and a true gentleman or lady driving an automobile will have as much consideration for the rights and feelings of other drivers on the road as he or she would have in any other place. One should cultivate sympathy, friend- ship, tolerance and forbearance on the road instead of selfishness. There is a certain amount of courtesy and respect due from motorists for other people's property and public property such as flowering shrubs, wild flowers. Campers and picnickers should try to preserve the natural beauty of our canyons and other places by refraining from picking flowers to excess, and by cleaning up after picnic parties. In Public Places — a. On street. b. In theatre. c. In restaurants. Do not attract attention to yourself in public. Shun conspicuous manners, clothes, conversation, and loud laughter. Good manners are as important in public places as in private drawing rooms. When a man is walking with a woman he takes the side nearest the curb, between her and the street. If he is walking with two women he takes the same position. It is the woman's privilege to bow first when meeting a gentleman on the street. A gentleman under all circumstances must return her bow. In entering the theatre the man gives tickets to doorman and then steps aside for the woman to enter first. He hands tickets to usher who goes down the aisle first, the woman next and the man last. If the usher is busy, the man may find his own

1070 IMPROVEMENT ERA seats in which event he precedes the wom- an and seats her. When entertaining at dinner at public hotel or restaurant, the waiter leads the way to the table. The host goes first in order to seat his guests. The women come next and the men last. Problems for Discussion Conversation. 1. How can the art of listening be ac- quired? 2. Discuss use of slang in conversation. 3. What about interruptions, contradic- tions, arguments? 4. Discuss the too-clever person — the man or woman who knows it all. 5. How may the voice be cultivated? 6. Discuss the use of sarcasm, puns, gossip, etc., in conversation. 7. How far may the funny story be used? Motoring. 1. What is the first duty of motorists? 2. What are some of the rules of motor- ing other than the mechanical operation of the car? 3. How may we promote the Slogan by Etiquette of the Road? 4. Discuss "Road Hogs." In Public Places. 1. Should a man offer a woman his arm on the street? 2. Is it good taste to exchange kisses and embraces on street or in public? 3. May a man take a lady's arm? 4. Who enters the theatre first? 5. What about the use of cosmetics, toothpicks and chewing gum in public? 6. In passing people already seated in theatre, which way do you face? Good books of reference. Standard Eti- quette, Richardson; Etiquette, Emily Post. EVENTS Non-stop Cross-country Air-race a Failure. Art Goebel arrived at Mines field. Los Angeles, Sept. 13, 1928, at 3:20:43 4-5 p. m. Pacific time, having made the trip from New York in approxi- mately 23 hours and 50 minutes. As he had been forced to land in Arizona, at Prescott, he was declared disqualified, and did not receive the reward of $22,500 promised the winner of the race. Mr. Goebel says he encountered the worst storm he had ever experienced, and that it was a wonder that he came through at all. The other contestants, all unsuccessful, were: Oliver le Boutellier, East Orange. N. J. — Returned to field soon after take- off. Clifford McMillin, Syracuse, N. Y. — Landed at Chase, Pa. Randolph Page, Northville, Mich. — Landed at Allentown, Pa. Colonel William Thaw II, Pitts- burgh— Crashed at Decatur, Ind. Lieuten- ant Commander Jack Iseman, command- ant Rockaway naval air station — Landed at Amarillo, Texas. Emil Burgin, Mine- ola, N. Y. — Landed at Willard, N. M. Nick Mamer, Spokane, Wash. — Landed at Rawlings, Wyo. George Haldeman, Detroit — Landed at Albuquerque, N. M. Colonel William Thaw II, only surviving member of the original Lafayette esca- drille of world war fame, was badly hurt at Decatur, Ind., when his plane crashed into a fence during a forced landing. Captain John Morris who was piloting the plane, also was injured. For the World Court. Former U. S. Secretary of State Charles E. Hughes was elected a member of the Permanent Court of International Justice, Sept. 8, 1928, by the representatives of the League of Nations at Geneva, to fill the vacancy existing through the resignation of John Bassett Moore, and to represent the United States in that court. Following the election, hopes were voiced informally by many delegates that the choice of Mr. Hughes would reawaken interest in the United States regarding the question of American adherence to the world court.