Passing Events

742 IMPROVEMENT ERA

en its own request, being opposed to the Monroe Doctrine, believing it to be an attack on that nation's sovereignty. With the changes now made, it is thought that the Senate of the United States will ratify the covenant. Japan and some other nations, however, were opposed to the new changes made. The new covenant was adopted on April 28, by the Peace Conference in plenary sessions. It was adopted without a dissenting vote. The representative of Japan, however, made a final attempt to obtain the inclusion of the amendment forbidding any national legislation discriminating against persons of any race whatever. The first Secretary-General of the League, was named in the person of Sir James Eric Drummond, a prominent and permanent official of the British foreign office, and private secretary to A. J. Balfour.

Three American giant naval hydro-airplanes N C's-1, 3, and 4, commissioned to attempt a trans-Atlantic flight began the first leg of the journey on the first week of May, from Rockaway Beach, New York to Halifax, leaving the latter place for Trepassey, N. F., from which they were to leave for Lisbon, Portugal with a proposed stop at the Azores. The N. C.'s-l, 3, 4, left Trepassey, N. F., May 16, about 6:00 p. m., on New York time for the Azores, and four hours later they were reported 300 miles out. The planes and supplies weigh about 28,800 pounds. Commander Towers of the American aerial trans-Atlantic expedition has compared the three big seaplanes to the caravels of Columbus, adding that when Portugal is reached the NC's-1, 3 and 4 will be re-christened Nina, Santa Maria and Pinta respectively. Commander Towers will direct the flight from NC-3, which will be rained Santa Maria, in honor of the flagship of America's discoverer. Hie Azores, the port of call four centuries ago for the ocean pioneer sailing westward, will be the first stop of the Americans flying eastward. "Wireless messages sent broadcast from Lisbon will announce the arrival of the Santa Maria, Nina and Pinta. Incidentally, when the seaplanes reach the Azores they will, strictly speaking, have reached Europe, just as Columbus was considered to have reached the new world, when he landed at San Salvador, for the Azores are Portuguese possessions charted as the western islands of Europe. Thus, notwithstanding whether Lisbon and Plymouth are reached by the American seaplanes touching the Azores, they will have the honor of being the first flying craft to cross the Atlantic. All means are adopted for the safety of the aviators, twenty five cruisers being stationed on the Trepassey, Azores leg, with radio communication to indicate conditions of the flyers, and the true course to the next vessels. They traveled over 60 miles per hour at a height of about 5,000 feet. NC4 arrived at the Azores first on Saturday morning, May 17. NC-1 and 3 were disabled, but were towed into port without loss of life. On the 19th, Harry G. Hawker, an Australian, left St. Johns, N. F., for England, but up to the morning of the 21st had not been heard f om, and hopes of his recovery are abandoned.

The Peace Terms of the Allies were presented, under the presidency of Georges Clemenceau, the French Premier, fo the German peace dele- gation at Versailles in a momentous session of the Peace Congress on Wednesday, May 7, 1919. Count von Brockdorff-Rantzau, the German foreign minister in the Ebert government was chairman of the GermaD peace delegation. Germany protested that the terms of peace as offered were "unbearable" and "impracticable." The terms are contained in a treaty in French and English, of some 80,000 words in length, and were handed to the German plenipotentionies at the memorable assemblage attended by 27 nations, parties to the peace pact. It provides for the

PASSING EVENTS 743

end of Hun militarism, deprives Germany of practically all her fleet, hedges her about economically, and prevents her from exploiting her resources for strangling smaller nations about her. In numerous ways Germany is made to realize that she must make good her more than four years career of destruction. The United States was represented by President Wilson and Great Britain by Lloyd George, Italy by Premier Orlando. The Literary Digest summarizes the pact of a "firm, just, and durable peace, as follows: Germany cedes to France Alsace-Lorraine (5,600 square miles); to Belgium 387 square miles of Rhenish Prussia; to Poland, part of Silesia, most of Posen, and all of West Prussia (27,686 square miles). Sarre Valley internationalized fifteen years, its coal-mines go to France. m Luxemburg freed from German customs control. Danzig with adjacent territory internationalized, East Prussia isolated. About a third of East Prussia to decide by plebiscite between Germany and Poland. Schleswig to decide by a series of plebiscites between Germany and Denmark. Germany gives up all colonies and rights outside of Europe. Germany recognizes independence of German Austria, Poland, and the Czecho-Slovak state. Germany razes all forts thirty-three miles east of the Rhine; abolishes conscription; reduces armies to 100,000 long-enlistment volunteers; reduces Navy to 6 battle-ships, 6 cruisers, 12 torpedo-boats, and personnel of 15,000; dismantles Helgoland, opens Kiel Canal to the world, and surrenders 14 ocean cables; is to have no submarines or war aircraft; stops import, export, and nearly all production of war-material. Germany agrees to trial of ex-Kaiser and other offenders against humanity. Germany accepts responsibility for all damages to Allied governments and peoples, agrees to restore invaded areas and to pay for shipping destruction ton for ton. The firsl indemnity payment is $5,000,000,000, further payments expected to bring total to at least $25,000,000,000, and details to be arranged by an Allied commission. Partial Allied military occupation of Germany until reparation is made. Germany accepts League of Nations without present membership; the League to control mandatories, internationalized territory, and plebiscites. Germany grants free Allied transit through territories and certain Allied control of finance, business, and transportation on railroads, canals, and rivers. Germany accepts all arrangements to be made with her former allies. Germany annuls Russian and Roumanian treaties and recognizes independence of Russian states. International labor organization and standards instituted.

Chicago has more telephones than all France, Kansas City has more telephones than Belgium, and Boston has more telephones than Austria- Hungary. Great Britain and Ireland together have only 200,000 more telephones than New York City, and some American office buildings and hotels have more telephones than the kingdom of Greece or Bulgaria. And America excels also in the quality of its telephone service. Suburban connections that can be made in half a minute in America take half an hour in London. And yet not very many years ago the London Times denounced the telephone as "the latest American humbug."— Youth's Companion.

The Improvement Era has reached me every month since I have been here," writes a soldier from France, "and I can assure you that it has been read, not only by me, but I have put it in the Y. M. C. A., and many others have found something interesting within its covers. My experience has been very interesting to me, and I can now see how small one is on this great universe." The Era is doing much good where it is read with a desire to learn the truth concerning our Church and the principles we uphold. There are some people to whom a person cannot talk, but who will take time to read; and never have I heard one such, or any other person, remark that his time was not well spent by reading the Era. Through the kindness of one of my sisters, the Era has been sent me, and upon returning home I expect it always to be on hand in my home.— Corp. D. R. Brown, H. Q. Co., 129 F. A., A. E. F.

Improvement Era, June, 1919 Two Dollars per Annum

Entered at the Post Office, Salt Lake City, Utah, as second class matter Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 2, 1918

Address, 20 Bishop's Building, Salt Lake City, Utah

Heber J. Grant, \ EdwardR. AnderBonJBusiness Mgr. Edward H. Anderson, Editors J Moroni Snow, Assistant

TABLE OF CONTENTS Portrait of President Lorenzo Snow Frontispiece Characteristic Sayings of President Lorenzo Snow... 651 Devotion to a Divine Inspiration he RoicTSnow 653 A Testimony Digging the Dinosaur in Utah. Illustrated Robert Collingham J. Cecil Alter ZZZZ 662 664 How Squire Pygus Got Even. A story Everett Spring Traveling Over Forgotten Trails. III. Illustrated. Hon. Not Ashamed. A Poem June. A Poem Anthony W. L , Lula Greene RicImrds Mjred Lambourne Mm 673 678 682 683 " Died in Service o^ fi His Word of Honor A Story Have Courage A Poem IZZ^to^CtoS^toT CarrM 687 Z Lydia D. Alder 691 Our Best Laid Plans Horace G. Whitney 692 Heme a Basis of Peace G. Gilbert Meldrum The Mormon Battalion A Poem 700 May Belle T. Davis .... 701 Mission Leaders With Portraits Edward H. Anderson I he Lea M f of Nations O, My Mountains. Memorial Ode. Music A Poem Hon. Carl A. Badger Viola Broivning & 703 709 715 Evan Stephens 716 Messages from the Soldiers: Old Glory From at Siberia Treves Russia p Prvu m S Mward . . m . J. E. Hunsaker 721 Heroes in Ambulance Service - 22 The First Utah Field Hospital Sgt. Matthew KNoall 723 Advice to Brothers

£S^ Nothing Editors Table—The Basis of True Religion Commendable Activity Gus Dyer Dr james k . KTa^ge ;:::::::::;. 72q m 72q Li? Messages from the Missions ~ " .... ,ao ™* Mutual Work Passing Events " ^