Passing Events

minim. mini IIIIIIIIUU rlw*-.T'.' 'ill"L^: PASSING EVENTS A Sea Battle in the English channel between German and English vessels resulted in the loss of several ships on October 27. The Mexican- American Joint Commission, on Nov. 13, came near an agreement providing for the withdrawal of^ the American punitive expedition. Exportations of War Supplies from New York for the nine months ending September 31 amounted to §997,970,000, which was more than twentyfive per cent of the country's total export trade for the same period. A Snow Storm in early November deposited considerable snow in the mountains, and a number of automobiles were caught in the storm on November 6, near Gogorza, between Salt Lake and Park City, and had to be abandoned in the snow. Professor Meunsterberg recently stated that unless peace is shortly maile, there is likely to be an alliance between Germany, Austria, Russia, and Japan to supersede the present national groupings, the aim being to crush Great Britain and divide its empire. A Christmas Ship sails from New York December 1, carrying three thousand tons of food, and one thousand tons of clothing for war sufferers in Armenian Syria. Beirut, Syria, is the destination of the ship. The ship sails under the auspices of the American National Red Cross. The First Squadron of Utah Cavalry was mustered out of service at Fort Douglas on November 10, after completing nearly four months in the federal service on the Mexican border. In the first squadron of Utah cavalry there were 282 Utah boys who returned to civil life on that date. The National Bank Reports, September 12, showed a total resource of J4.4.U mo.000, or $216,000,000 greater than ever before in our nation's history. The total deposits amounted to $11,362,000,000, or $227,000,000 greater than ever before. The loans and discounts were $7,859,000,000, the largest amount ever known. Virginia Established Prohibition on the 31st of October, that being the last day upon which intoxicating liquor could be sold in that state. About eight hundred saloons closed their doors when the new law went into effect. This makes the eighteenth state to close the saloon, and among those who have declared for prohibition are Utah and Montana. The National Election, on November 7, resulted in the re-election of President Woodrow Wilson, the popular vote in favor of Mr. Wilson over Mr. Hughes, Republican, being estimated at 403,000 at this writing. Utah, went Democratic by an overwhelming majority, the final count doubtless giving Wilson about 30,000 majority over Mr. Hughes. Mrs. Sonhronia Mallet was elected recorder of Tooele county at the recent election. She is the first woman Socialist to be elected to public

PASSING EVENTS 187 Utah. She received a majority of 23. Mrs. Mallet is a native of office in SaltLake City, her parents being Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Peart. She had the endorsement of the Democratic and Progressive parties of Tooele county. The Late President John Taylor's 108th anniversary was celebrated November 1, in the Granite Stake tabernacle, by a reunion of about 300 members of the family. Keeping alive the names of the valiant men of the Church by reunions of their descendants is not only highly commendable, but very beneficial to those who take part, in that it turns the hearts of the children to the fathers. President Joseph F. Smith was the guest of honor at a brilliant reception attended by between three and four hundred close friends and Church officials at his home on Monday, November 13, the occasion being the celebration of his seventy-eighth anniversary. He received hearty and wellearned congratulations not only from his visitors but by telegrams from friends in all parts of the country. The "Deutschland" arrived at New London, U. S. A., November 1, with its second valuable cargo of chemicals and dye stuffs, valued at approximately ten million dollars. Captain Paul Koenig was once more successful in evading the blockade. A companion merchant submarine has been built in Germany to take the place of the Bremen, which was lost on its way to America some weeks ago. On the 17th the Deutschland sank one of the tugs, by accident, that was leading it out to sea on its return to Germany. Five men on the tug were drowned, and the submarine returneJ to port. Conscription in Australia was defeated in an election on October 28, when, out of a vote of nearly two millions, the majority against conscription was about one hundred thousand. It is reported that the action of labor leaders, the Roman Catholic church, and largely the votes of the women, were instrumental in defeating the measure that Premier William M. Hughes had labored so hard to pass. Utah, according to the latest census, has 128,344 children of school age, out of which number 635 are colored, inlcuding negro and mostly Indian children. The net increase of children for the year is 3,399 over last year. According to Dr. Gowans' report, 110,773 are attending public schools; 2,867, private schools, and 14,704 no school at all. There are 64,656 boys and 63.688 girls in the state of school age. The British Blacklisting of certain American business houses still continues. On October 28 the British reply to the American note of protest reached Washington. It refused assent to the American contention, but offered methods of relief in the administration of the order. In a note of November 14, the British reply considers the blacklist a proper munition regulation, justified by emergency and designed to shorten the war. Count Steurgkh, the Austrian premier, was fatally shot by Friedric Adler, a Socialist editor, on the 21st of October. The murderer declared that he did the act because the count had refused to convoke the Austrian parliament since the war began, and was tyrannical in government. The Austrian premier, however, is a domestic official, and has little or nothing to do with the foreign policies of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. The November 7 General Election in Utah resulted in a complete victory for the Democratic party. Simon Bamberger, Democrat, was elected governor with a majority of about 20,000 over Nephi L. Morris, Republican.

188 IMPROVEMENT ERA William II. King was elected senator, vice George Sutherland, hy a majority of about 17,000. The Republican representatives, T. C. Hoyt and Charles R. Mabey, were defeated by the Democratic representatives, James H. May* and Milton II. Welling, by large majorities. The Wheat Crop of the ivorld is said to be seven per cent below the average and twenty-five per cent below that of last year, and it is stated that the shortage is even greater than that in the United States. There was some talk in the latter part of October of starting a movement to bring about an embargo on the exportation of wheat. The American wheat harvest iti smaller this year than last by many million bushels. The corn crop is estimated in this country at 2,717,000,000 as against a crop of 3,054,000,000 last year. — Died. Henry Coulam, in Salt Lake City, November 5. He was a pioneer of 1849, and an Indian war veteran. He was born in England in March, 1812. John H. Dewey, pioneer of 1847, Salt Lake City, November 5 born in; Westfield Massachusetts, February, 1832, and came to Utah two months after the first pioneers. Edwin J. Ward, a leading business man of Utah county, in Provo, November 9, age 74 years. He came to Utah October 17, 1862. Charles T. Russell, the well-known leader of the Millennial Dawn sect, in New York, October 31. Mrs. Eliza Ballantyne Garner, fifty years of age, was killed in an accident with an electric washer, at Plain City, Utah, on the afternoon of October 23. She was the wife of Bishop Henry J. Garner, and a sister of Mrs. Edward H. Anderson. She is survived by seven children. The funeral was held on the 27th of October, at Plain City, at which President Lewis W. Shurtliff of the Weber stake, Elder David O. McKay of the Council of the Twelve, Counselor F. W. Stratford, of the North Weber stake, and several other leading brethren attended and spoke. Mrs. Garner was highly respected, and was a faithful Church worker in the Primary and other organizations of the Church for many years. The Great War's Cost in money is referred to in the Literary Digest for November 11 from which it appears that the direct military cost of the war for three years is estimated for the central allies at $27,750,000,000, or SI 18.10 per capita; and for all belligerents $75,950,000,000, or $163.30 per capita. The daily cost for the entente allies is about seventy million dollars, and for the central allies thirty-five millions. The belliegerents are obtaining about half of these huge sums by private loans from their own people, the remainder from allied governments or peoples, or from the people of neutral nations. Since the beginning of the war the United States bas loaned move than $1,300,000,000 to the warring nations. Dr. Percival Lowell, founder and director of the Lowell Observatory, of Flagstaff, Arizona, and an astronomer of international reputation, died at Flagstaff, November 12, from apoplexy. He was born in Boston, March 13, 1855. He established the observatory in Arizona, in 1894, owing to the clearness of the atmosphere. He was perhaps best known because of his theory and argument tbat Mars is inhabited. He announced that Mars was inhabited, and that through his observations he had discovered vegetation there, nnd artificial canals. He graduated from Harvard when he was twentyone. During his life several astronomical expeditions were organized by him, including one to Tripoli, in 1900; and to the Andes mountains to photograph Mars, in 1907. He was the author of many works on astronomy, and a frequent contributor to scientific publications.

PASSING EVENTS 189 Germany has instituted a system of exporting Belgian men. It was reported on the 13th of November that the pope, at Rome, would protest against the deportation. Cardinal Mercier, primate of Belgium, issued a protest on November 13 to the civilized world against the deporting of Belgians to Germany for forced labor. The American charge at Berlin told Germany that the United States objects to the coercion of Belgians which had reached such serious proportions that on the 14th the matter was taken up with Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg. The deportations are viewed by some in the United States as not only violations of international law, but in a degree as violations of Germany's assurances to Ambassador Gerard last June, which, though relating to twenty thousand French women and girls deported from Lille and other parts, are felt to be applicable to the Belgian situation. Poland Re-born. By manifesto of Emperor Wilhelm of Germany and of Francis Joseph, the ancientkingdom of Poland was recalled into existence on November 5, according to telegram from Warsaw. Thousands were gathered in the old Polish capitol to attend the ceremony of what was designated as "the re-birth of the Polish nation," after its long sleep of more than a century. Precisely at noon, General von Beseler mounted the dais in the gala ballroom of the old Jagellonian castle, and in the name of Germany's sovereign read thei mperial manifesto in ringing, soldierly tones. Then came cheers from the gathered crowd for Poland, for Emperor William of Germany, Emperor Francis Joseph, and for Germany and for the Germans. A telegram from Berlin, dated November 11, apparently discloses the reasons for the declaration and for the setting up of the kingdom. On that date an Austro-German proclamation to the Poles, calling upon them to volun*eer for the new Polish armv, to serve in intimate association with the armies of central powers, was published at Warsaw and Lublin. The Sugar Factories of Utah and Idaho recently distributed for the farmers about $3,500,000 for beets. The beet seed culture in Idaho was very successful, and Manager Thomas R. Cutler of the Utah-Idaho Sugar Company, reported that the experiments to grow beet seed there were more than satisfactory. He foreshadowed the time soon to come when the United States will be an exporter instead of an importer of beet seed. According to a dispatch from Washington, November 14, the importation of sugar beet seeds into the United States for the nine months ending with September was 18,500,000 pounds, the greatest part coming from Russia. The importance of beet seed culture is therefore apparent. The cold spell of November 11-16, struck Colorado, Montana, Idaho and Utah with great severity, putting a temporary stop to beet digging everywhere, the thermometer reaching as low as five degrees below zero in Idaho and nine above in the lower valleys of Utah. Approximately twenty per cent of the beet crops in Idaho, and twenty-five per cent in Utah, with a still heavier percentage in Colorado, were undug at the time the frost came. George H. Crosby, prominent as a pioneer, colonizer, bishop and patriarch in Utah, Arizona and Wyoming, died at St. George, Utah, on Tuesday, October 10, 1916. He was born in Kennebec county, Maine, on the 25th of October, 1846, and came with his father, Jesse W. Crosby, with the second company of Utah pioneers to the Salt Lake Valley, September 25, 1847. He lived in the Seventeenth ward till 1861, when he went to help settle St. George. At twenty three years of age, he was called to Hebron ward, St. George stake, as bishop. After being burned out there by an outlaw, a second call sent him to Leeds, Utah, as bishop. His third call was to Round Valley, Apache county, Arizona, where he served as bishop four-

190 IMPROVEMENT ERA teen years, founding tin- town of Eagar. In 1899, he was called to he hi -Imp — a fourth time — of Torre) , Wa>ne county, Utah. He later moved to and helped to settle the Bighorn Basin in Wyoming, where he served as the first patriarch of the Bighorn stake. He served with distinction in tin- early Indian wars of southern Utah, as sheriff and selectman of Washington county, Utah, and M member of Arizona's eighteenth territorial legislature, in 1895. He is believed to have served as the hishop of more wards than any other bishop of the Church, serving nearly thirty-three years in all. The G. A. R. New Headquarters, at the state capitol building, Salt Lake City, was formally opened on Tuesday, November 14. Colonel H. W. Charter, Sandy, Utah, who has taken quite an interest in the hoy scout movement, in aiding the boys of that section to familiarize thems.-lves with the different ceremonies and with the proper respect due to the colors, invited the M. I. A. Boy Scouts of Sandy to be present at the opening and to furnish a part of the program. Thirty members responded, including Scout Master Arthur E. Peterson and Deputy Scout Commission! r . R. Gardner of Jordan stake. The troop has a fine orchestra of about fifteen members, who furnished music. A squad of five members explained and gave demonstrations of proper respect due the flag and how it should be raised and lowered on different occasions. The troop also repeated the Scout Promise and gave their scout yells. The boys received complimentary responses from members of the G. A. R. The gathering was addressed also by Orson Ryan, superintendent of the Jordan school district; Dr. E. G. Gowans, state superintendent of public instruction, and Dr. John H. Taylor, M. I. A. Scout Commissioner. Their remarks centered principally upon love and devotion to country; real, sincere appreciation of our nation; unity, brotherly love, peace and good will to all men. — Submarine Warfare Very Active. The American steamer Columbian was reported sunk November 11. The crew arrived at Corunna, Spain, in life boats. The Columbian left New York October 18, bound for Genoa, and was owned by the American-Hawaiian Steamship company, being built in San Francisco, in 1907. She had a crew of 113 officers and men. Several other steamers were sunk during the early part of November, among them the Danish steamer Freija was sunk by a German submarine. The British steamer Arabia was sunk, November 6, in the Mediterranean. Paul R. JJanner, an American passenger, was on board bound for Marseilles. He says there was no warning whatever. Mr. Danner is a Harvard graduate, who has been engaged in Young Men's Christian Association work in India. He was returning to his home from India. German submarines, late in October and during November, sank many British ships, among them the Marino and the Rowanmore, both of which had Americans on board. The Allies were harassed in all the seas by submarines, which showed unusual activity. At least ten vessels were sunk. Up to October 27 it was reported that 268,000 tons of Norwegian shipping had been sunk by German submarines. Norway has forbidden belligerent submarines to enter Norwegian waters except in cases of emergency. Germany has protested against this order, on (he ground that Norway's conduct was unneutral. German submarines sank nearly twenty Norwegian steamships, barks and other craft during the week ending November 9. Holland has notified the powers that it will treat submarine merchantment as it does other merchantmen, and that military submarines will be treated like other warships. This is substantially the policy of the United States, notwithstanding Britain objected to the landing of the Deutschland in the ports of the United States.